According to Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, there are six levels of cognitive learning. These six levels are applying, remembering, analyzing, understanding, creating, and evaluating.
The wording in the taxonomy was changed from the original noun form to verbs. Also, when thinking of the levels of learning, it is more helpful to think of them as working cogs which center around the main cog, creating, rather than in the original pyramid form.
Lower order thinking involves remembering, understanding, and applying, while higher order thinking involves analyzing, evaluating, and creating.
"Skills are needed in the 21st century that go beyond basic literacy. Students must be able to read critically, write persuasively, think and reason logically, and solve complex problems. A successful 21st-century student must also be adept at managing information—finding, evaluating, and applying new content understanding with great flexibility." (www.21stcenturyskills.org)
The 4Cs are learning and innovation skills that will help students succeed in today's technological world. These essential skills include critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity.
Critical Thinking involves analyzing, interpreting, evaluating, making decisions, and solving problems.
Communication can be written, verbal, or multimedia messages. Students must be able to share information with others while expressing their thoughts and opinions clearly. Strong listening and evaluating skills to aid collaboration are essential.
Collaboration includes the ability to work well with others to accomplish a goal while remaining flexible and sharing group responsibility.
Creativity encompasses abilities such as brainstorming, refining ideas, being responsive to ideas from others, and making ideas tangible and useful to others.
With Bloom's revised taxonomy and 21st century skills in mind, educators must create lessons that encourage students to explore and master these abilities. Group projects which allow students to effectively communicate and collaborate with others are essential to their success. Students should also be introduced to complex problems to solve and allowed flexibility in choosing technological tools to work with to accomplish their goals.
In my future classroom, I plan to have a project each quarter that requires students to analyze and evaluate a problem. Students will be required to work together using technology to find a creative solution to their problem while engaging the 4Cs in their daily activities.
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